[pro] Declarations in compilers (feedback welcome)

[Juan Jose Garcia-Ripoll]

After struggling mentally with this for a few weeks, I would like to have
some consultation before I introduce some changes in ECL -- not that I
expect many users here, but at least some implementor-fellows and power
users of other implementations.

My concerns right now relate to how declarations should be used by a
compiler, and in particular how declarations interact with SAFETY levels.
Please correct me if I am wrong, but I have seen more or less the following
approaches

[a]- Most implementations blindly believe declarations below a certain
safety level. Above it, they seem more or less useless.

[b]- SBCL takes declarations (and THE) as type assertions. For instance, in
(LET ((Y (FOO X))) (DECLARE (FIXNUM Y))) ...) the assignment to Y would be
checked to be a FIXNUM. This means the type declaration is actually
enforced and believed and only at SAFETY 0 the checks are dropped (*)

In both cases one ends up with a model in which in order to truly believe a
declaration and have no extra burden (assertions), one has to drop to
SAFETY 0 in all code that is involved with it, which is a mess, because it
might inadvertently affect other parts of the code. It is for this reason
that I am considering an alternative model for ECL which would grade safety
as follows

- Type declarations are always believed
- SAFETY >= 1 adds type checks to enforce them.
- SAFETY = 0, no checks.
- SAFETY = 1, the special form THE or additional proclamations on the
functions can be used to deactivate the check. As in (LET ((Y (THE FIXNUM
(FOO X))) ...)

This would allow one to keep most code safe, while deactivating some checks
when they are really known to be true (**). Do you think this is
useful/useless? The problem I see with this approach is that all code
around is written for model [a] or [b], but I could not come up with
something more sensible so far.

Juanjo

(*) Actually the checks are also deactivated when SBCL can infer the type
of the value that is assigned to Y. This is somewhat contradictory, because
(SETF Y (THE FIXNUM (FOO X))) would still generate a check, but proclaiming
FOO to return a FIXNUM would completely bypass the check.

(**) Yes, indeed I know that LOCALLY exists for a reason, but it does more
than THE. For instance, if I (LOCALLY (DECLARE (SAFETY 0)) (THE FIXNUM (FOO
(SLOT-ACCESSOR X)))... this influences the safety of the code that accesses
a structure, which is not good.

P.S.: Thanks to Paul Khuong for pointing out that SBCL behaves differently
w.r.t. declarations.

-- 
Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC
c/ Serrano, 113b, Madrid 28006 (Spain)
http://juanjose.garciaripoll.googlepages.com
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