[cl-gsl-cvs] CVS update: cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex
Edgar Denny
edenny at common-lisp.net
Sun Mar 27 03:47:21 UTC 2005
Update of /project/cl-gsl/cvsroot/cl-gsl/doc
In directory common-lisp.net:/tmp/cvs-serv27528
Modified Files:
constants.tex
Log Message:
tex4ht fixes.
Date: Sun Mar 27 05:47:20 2005
Author: edenny
Index: cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex
diff -u cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex:1.1 cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex:1.2
--- cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex:1.1 Thu Mar 24 04:49:39 2005
+++ cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex Sun Mar 27 05:47:20 2005
@@ -1,25 +1,5 @@
-\documentclass{article}
-\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
-\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
-\usepackage{tex4ht}
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\Css{.monobold { font-weight: bold; font-family: monospace;}}
-\Css{.floatright { float: right;}}
-\Css{.floatleft { float: left;}}
-\Css{.floatclear { clear: both;}}
-
-\def\monobf#1{\ifHtml \HCode{<span class="monobold">} #1
- \else \textbf{\texttt{#1}} \fi
- \ifHtml \HCode{</span>} \fi}
-
-\def\func#1#2{\ifHtml \HCode{<span class="floatright">} \fi
- {[}Function{]} \ifHtml \HCode{</span><span class="floatleft">} \fi
- \monobf{#1} \texttt{#2}
- \ifHtml \HCode{</span> <div class="floatclear"> </div>} \fi}
-\section*{38 Physical Constants}
+\section{Physical Constants}
This chapter describes macros for the values of physical constants,
such as the speed of light, c, and gravitational constant, G. The
@@ -36,351 +16,351 @@
the header files themselves for the values of the constants used in
the library.
-\subsection*{38.1 Fundamental Constants}
+\subsection{Fundamental Constants}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-speed-of-light+] The speed of light in vacuum, c.
+\item [\const{+mksa-speed-of-light+}] The speed of light in vacuum, c.
-\item [+mksa-vacuum-permeability+] The permeability of free
+\item [\const{+mksa-vacuum-permeability+}] The permeability of free
space, \(\mu_0\). This constant is defined in the MKSA system
only.
-\item [+mksa-vacuum-permittivity+] The permittivity of free
+\item [\const{+mksa-vacuum-permittivity+}] The permittivity of free
space, \(\epsilon_0\). This constant is defined in the MKSA
system only.
-\item [+mksa-plancks-constant-h+] Planck's constant, h.
+\item [\const{+mksa-plancks-constant-h+}] Planck's constant, h.
-\item [+mksa-plancks-constant-hbar+] Planck's constant
+\item [\const{+mksa-plancks-constant-hbar+}] Planck's constant
divided by \(2\pi, \hbar\).
-\item [+num-avogadro+] Avogadro's number, \(N_a\).
+\item [\const{+num-avogadro+}] Avogadro's number, \(N_a\).
-\item [+mksa-faraday+] The molar charge of 1 Faraday.
+\item [\const{+mksa-faraday+}] The molar charge of 1 Faraday.
-\item [+mksa-boltzmann+] The Boltzmann constant, k.
+\item [\const{+mksa-boltzmann+}] The Boltzmann constant, k.
-\item [+mksa-molar-mass+] The molar gas constant, \(R_0\).
+\item [\const{+mksa-molar-mass+}] The molar gas constant, \(R_0\).
-\item [+mksa-standard-gas-volume+] The standard gas volume, \(V_0\).
+\item [\const{+mksa-standard-gas-volume+}] The standard gas volume, \(V_0\).
-\item [+mksa-stefan-boltzmann-constant+] The Stefan-Boltzmann
+\item [\const{+mksa-stefan-boltzmann-constant+}] The Stefan-Boltzmann
radiation constant, \(\sigma\).
-\item [+mksa-gauss+] The magnetic field of 1 Gauss.
+\item [\const{+mksa-gauss+}] The magnetic field of 1 Gauss.
-\item [+mksa-micro+] The length of 1 micron.
+\item [\const{+mksa-micro+}] The length of 1 micron.
-\item [+mksa-hectare+] The area of 1 hectare.
+\item [\const{+mksa-hectare+}] The area of 1 hectare.
-\item [+mksa-miles-per-hour+] The speed of 1 mile per hour.
+\item [\const{+mksa-miles-per-hour+}] The speed of 1 mile per hour.
-\item [+mksa-kilometers-per-hour+] The speed of 1 kilometer per hour.
+\item [\const{+mksa-kilometers-per-hour+}] The speed of 1 kilometer per hour.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.2 Astronomy and Astrophysics}
+\subsection{Astronomy and Astrophysics}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-astronomical-unit+] The length of 1 astronomical
+\item [\const{+mksa-astronomical-unit+}] The length of 1 astronomical
unit (mean earth-sun distance), au.
-\item [+mksa-gravitational-constant+] The gravitational constant,
+\item [\const{+mksa-gravitational-constant+}] The gravitational constant,
G.
-\item [+mksa-light-year+] The distance of 1 light-year, ly.
+\item [\const{+mksa-light-year+}] The distance of 1 light-year, ly.
-\item [+mksa-parsec+] The distance of 1 parsec, pc.
+\item [\const{+mksa-parsec+}] The distance of 1 parsec, pc.
-\item [+mksa-grav-accel+] The standard gravitational acceleration
+\item [\const{+mksa-grav-accel+}] The standard gravitational acceleration
on Earth, g.
-\item [+mksa-solar-mass+] The mass of the Sun.
+\item [\const{+mksa-solar-mass+}] The mass of the Sun.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.3 Atomic and Nuclear Physics}
+\subsection{Atomic and Nuclear Physics}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-electron-charge+] The charge of the electron, e.
+\item [\const{+mksa-electron-charge+}] The charge of the electron, e.
-\item [+mksa-electron-volt+] The energy of 1 electron volt, eV.
+\item [\const{+mksa-electron-volt+}] The energy of 1 electron volt, eV.
-\item [+mksa-unified-atomic-mass+] The unified atomic mass,
+\item [\const{+mksa-unified-atomic-mass+}] The unified atomic mass,
amu.
-\item [+mksa-mass-electron+] The mass of the electron, \(m_e\).
+\item [\const{+mksa-mass-electron+}] The mass of the electron, \(m_e\).
-\item [+mksa-mass-muon+] The mass of the muon, \(m_\mu\).
+\item [\const{+mksa-mass-muon+}] The mass of the muon, \(m_\mu\).
-\item [+mksa-mass-proton+] The mass of the proton, \(m_p\).
+\item [\const{+mksa-mass-proton+}] The mass of the proton, \(m_p\).
-\item [+mksa-mass-neutron+] The mass of the neutron, \(m_n\).
+\item [\const{+mksa-mass-neutron+}] The mass of the neutron, \(m_n\).
-\item [+num-fine-structure+] The electromagnetic fine structure
+\item [\const{+num-fine-structure+}] The electromagnetic fine structure
constant \(\alpha\).
-\item [+mksa-rydberg+] The Rydberg constant, Ry, in units of
+\item [\const{+mksa-rydberg+}] The Rydberg constant, Ry, in units of
energy. This is related to the Rydberg inverse wavelength R by Ry
= h c R.
-\item [+mksa-bohr-radius+] The Bohr radius, \(a_0\).
+\item [\const{+mksa-bohr-radius+}] The Bohr radius, \(a_0\).
-\item [+mksa-angstrom+] The length of 1 angstrom.
+\item [\const{+mksa-angstrom+}] The length of 1 angstrom.
-\item [+mksa-barn+] The area of 1 barn.
+\item [\const{+mksa-barn+}] The area of 1 barn.
-\item [+mksa-bohr-magneton+] The Bohr Magneton, \(\mu_B\).
+\item [\const{+mksa-bohr-magneton+}] The Bohr Magneton, \(\mu_B\).
-\item [+mksa-nuclear-magneton+] The Nuclear Magneton, \(\mu_N\).
+\item [\const{+mksa-nuclear-magneton+}] The Nuclear Magneton, \(\mu_N\).
-\item [+mksa-electron-magnetic-moment+] The absolute value
+\item [\const{+mksa-electron-magnetic-moment+}] The absolute value
of the magnetic moment of the electron, \(\mu_e\). The physical
magnetic moment of the electron is negative.
-\item [+mksa-proton-magnetic-moment+] The magnetic moment of
+\item [\const{+mksa-proton-magnetic-moment+}] The magnetic moment of
the proton, \(\mu_p\).
-\item [+mksa-thomson-cross-section+] The Thomson cross section,
+\item [\const{+mksa-thomson-cross-section+}] The Thomson cross section,
\(\sigma_T\).
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.4 Measurement of Time}
+\subsection{Measurement of Time}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-minute+] The number of seconds in 1 minute.
+\item [\const{+mksa-minute+}] The number of seconds in 1 minute.
-\item [+mksa-hour+] The number of seconds in 1 hour.
+\item [\const{+mksa-hour+}] The number of seconds in 1 hour.
-\item [+mksa-day+] The number of seconds in 1 day.
+\item [\const{+mksa-day+}] The number of seconds in 1 day.
-\item [+mksa-week+] The number of seconds in 1 week.
+\item [\const{+mksa-week+}] The number of seconds in 1 week.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.5 Imperial Units}
+\subsection{Imperial Units}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-inch+] The length of 1 inch.
+\item [\const{+mksa-inch+}] The length of 1 inch.
-\item [+mksa-foot+] The length of 1 foot.
+\item [\const{+mksa-foot+}] The length of 1 foot.
-\item [+mksa-yard+] The length of 1 yard.
+\item [\const{+mksa-yard+}] The length of 1 yard.
-\item [+mksa-mile+] The length of 1 mile.
+\item [\const{+mksa-mile+}] The length of 1 mile.
-\item [+mksa-mil+] The length of 1 mil (1/1000th of an inch).
+\item [\const{+mksa-mil+}] The length of 1 mil (1/1000th of an inch).
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.6 Nautical Units}
+\subsection{Nautical Units}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-nautical-mile+] The length of 1 nautical mile.
+\item [\const{+mksa-nautical-mile+}] The length of 1 nautical mile.
-\item [+mksa-fathom+] The length of 1 fathom.
+\item [\const{+mksa-fathom+}] The length of 1 fathom.
-\item [+mksa-knot+] The speed of 1 knot.
+\item [\const{+mksa-knot+}] The speed of 1 knot.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.7 Printers Units}
+\subsection{Printers Units}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-point+] The length of 1 printer's point (1/72 inch).
+\item [\const{+mksa-point+}] The length of 1 printer's point (1/72 inch).
-\item [+mksa-texpoint+] The length of 1 \TeX{} point (1/72.27 inch).
+\item [\const{+mksa-texpoint+}] The length of 1 \TeX{} point (1/72.27 inch).
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.8 Volume}
+\subsection{Volume}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-acre+] The area of 1 acre.
+\item [\const{+mksa-acre+}] The area of 1 acre.
-\item [+mksa-liter+] The volume of 1 liter.
+\item [\const{+mksa-liter+}] The volume of 1 liter.
-\item [+mksa-us-gallon+] The volume of 1 US gallon.
+\item [\const{+mksa-us-gallon+}] The volume of 1 US gallon.
-\item [+mksa-canadian-gallon+] The volume of 1 Canadian gallon.
+\item [\const{+mksa-canadian-gallon+}] The volume of 1 Canadian gallon.
-\item [+mksa-uk-gallon+] The volume of 1 UK gallon.
+\item [\const{+mksa-uk-gallon+}] The volume of 1 UK gallon.
-\item [+mksa-quart+] The volume of 1 quart.
+\item [\const{+mksa-quart+}] The volume of 1 quart.
-\item [+mksa-pint+] The volume of 1 pint.
+\item [\const{+mksa-pint+}] The volume of 1 pint.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.9 Mass and Weight}
+\subsection{Mass and Weight}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-pound-mass+] The mass of 1 pound.
+\item [\const{+mksa-pound-mass+}] The mass of 1 pound.
-\item [+mksa-ounce-mass+] The mass of 1 ounce.
+\item [\const{+mksa-ounce-mass+}] The mass of 1 ounce.
-\item [+mksa-ton+] The mass of 1 ton.
+\item [\const{+mksa-ton+}] The mass of 1 ton.
-\item [+mksa-metric-ton+] The mass of 1 metric ton (1000 kg).
+\item [\const{+mksa-metric-ton+}] The mass of 1 metric ton (1000 kg).
-\item [+mksa-uk-ton+] The mass of 1 UK ton.
+\item [\const{+mksa-uk-ton+}] The mass of 1 UK ton.
-\item [+mksa-troy-ounce+] The mass of 1 troy ounce.
+\item [\const{+mksa-troy-ounce+}] The mass of 1 troy ounce.
-\item [+mksa-carat+] The mass of 1 carat.
+\item [\const{+mksa-carat+}] The mass of 1 carat.
-\item [+mksa-gram-force+] The force of 1 gram weight.
+\item [\const{+mksa-gram-force+}] The force of 1 gram weight.
-\item [+mksa-pound-force+] The force of 1 pound weight.
+\item [\const{+mksa-pound-force+}] The force of 1 pound weight.
-\item [+mksa-kilopound-force+] The force of 1 kilopound weight.
+\item [\const{+mksa-kilopound-force+}] The force of 1 kilopound weight.
-\item [+mksa-poundal+] The force of 1 poundal.
+\item [\const{+mksa-poundal+}] The force of 1 poundal.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.10 Thermal Energy and Power}
+\subsection{Thermal Energy and Power}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-calorie+] The energy of 1 calorie.
+\item [\const{+mksa-calorie+}] The energy of 1 calorie.
-\item [+mksa-btu+] The energy of 1 British Thermal Unit, btu.
+\item [\const{+mksa-btu+}] The energy of 1 British Thermal Unit, btu.
-\item [+mksa-therm+] The energy of 1 Therm.
+\item [\const{+mksa-therm+}] The energy of 1 Therm.
-\item [+mksa-horsepower+] The power of 1 horsepower.
+\item [\const{+mksa-horsepower+}] The power of 1 horsepower.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.11 Pressure}
+\subsection{Pressure}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-bar+] The pressure of 1 bar.
+\item [\const{+mksa-bar+}] The pressure of 1 bar.
-\item [+mksa-std-atmosphere+] The pressure of 1 standard atmosphere.
+\item [\const{+mksa-std-atmosphere+}] The pressure of 1 standard atmosphere.
-\item [+mksa-torr+] The pressure of 1 torr.
+\item [\const{+mksa-torr+}] The pressure of 1 torr.
-\item [+mksa-meter-of-mercury+] The pressure of 1 meter of mercury.
+\item [\const{+mksa-meter-of-mercury+}] The pressure of 1 meter of mercury.
-\item [+mksa-inch-of-mercury+] The pressure of 1 inch of mercury.
+\item [\const{+mksa-inch-of-mercury+}] The pressure of 1 inch of mercury.
-\item [+mksa-inch-of-water+] The pressure of 1 inch of water.
+\item [\const{+mksa-inch-of-water+}] The pressure of 1 inch of water.
-\item [+mksa-psi+] The pressure of 1 pound per square inch.
+\item [\const{+mksa-psi+}] The pressure of 1 pound per square inch.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.12 Viscosity}
+\subsection{Viscosity}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-poise+] The dynamic viscosity of 1 poise.
+\item [\const{+mksa-poise+}] The dynamic viscosity of 1 poise.
-\item [+mksa-stokes+] The kinematic viscosity of 1 stokes.
+\item [\const{+mksa-stokes+}] The kinematic viscosity of 1 stokes.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.13 Light and Illumination}
+\subsection{Light and Illumination}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-stilb+] The luminance of 1 stilb.
+\item [\const{+mksa-stilb+}] The luminance of 1 stilb.
-\item [+mksa-lumen+] The luminous flux of 1 lumen.
+\item [\const{+mksa-lumen+}] The luminous flux of 1 lumen.
-\item [+mksa-lux+] The illuminance of 1 lux.
+\item [\const{+mksa-lux+}] The illuminance of 1 lux.
-\item [+mksa-phot+] The illuminance of 1 phot.
+\item [\const{+mksa-phot+}] The illuminance of 1 phot.
-\item [+mksa-footcandle+] The illuminance of 1 footcandle.
+\item [\const{+mksa-footcandle+}] The illuminance of 1 footcandle.
-\item [+mksa-lambert+] The luminance of 1 lambert.
+\item [\const{+mksa-lambert+}] The luminance of 1 lambert.
-\item [+mksa-footlambert+] The luminance of 1 footlambert.
+\item [\const{+mksa-footlambert+}] The luminance of 1 footlambert.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.14 Radioactivity}
+\subsection{Radioactivity}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-curie+] The activity of 1 curie.
+\item [\const{+mksa-curie+}] The activity of 1 curie.
-\item [+mksa-roentgen+] The exposure of 1 roentgen.
+\item [\const{+mksa-roentgen+}]The exposure of 1 roentgen.
-\item [+mksa-rad+] The absorbed dose of 1 rad.
+\item [\const{+mksa-rad+}] The absorbed dose of 1 rad.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.15 Force and Energy}
+\subsection{Force and Energy}
\begin{description}
-\item [+mksa-newton+] The SI unit of force, 1 Newton.
+\item [\const{+mksa-newton+}] The SI unit of force, 1 Newton.
-\item [+mksa-dyne+] The force of 1 Dyne = \(10^{-5}\) Newton.
+\item [\const{+mksa-dyne+}] The force of 1 Dyne = \(10^{-5}\) Newton.
-\item [+mksa-joule+] The SI unit of energy, 1 Joule.
+\item [\const{+mksa-joule+}] The SI unit of energy, 1 Joule.
-\item [+mksa-erg+] The energy 1 erg = \(10^{-7}\) Joule.
+\item [\const{+mksa-erg+}] The energy 1 erg = \(10^{-7}\) Joule.
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.16 Prefixes}
+\subsection{Prefixes}
These constants are dimensionless scaling factors.
\begin{description}
-\item [+num-yotta+] \(10^{24}\)
+\item [\const{+num-yotta+}] \(10^{24}\)
-\item [+num-zetta+] \(10^{21}\)
+\item [\const{+num-zetta+}] \(10^{21}\)
-\item [+num-exa+] \(10^{18}\)
+\item [\const{+num-exa+}] \(10^{18}\)
-\item [+num-peta+] \(10^{15}\)
+\item [\const{+num-peta+}] \(10^{15}\)
-\item [+num-tera+] \(10^{12}\)
+\item [\const{+num-tera+}] \(10^{12}\)
-\item [+num-giga+] \(10^{9}\)
+\item [\const{+num-giga+}] \(10^{9}\)
-\item [+num-mega+] \(10^{6}\)
+\item [\const{+num-mega+}] \(10^{6}\)
-\item [+num-kilo+] \(10^{3}\)
+\item [\const{+num-kilo+}] \(10^{3}\)
-\item [+num-milli+] \(10^{-3}\)
+\item [\const{+num-milli+}] \(10^{-3}\)
-\item [+num-micro+] \(10^{-6}\)
+\item [\const{+num-micro+}] \(10^{-6}\)
-\item [+num-nano+] \(10^{-9}\)
+\item [\const{+num-nano+}] \(10^{-9}\)
-\item [+num-pico+] \(10^{-12}\)
+\item [\const{+num-pico+}] \(10^{-12}\)
-\item [+num-femto+] \(10^{-15}\)
+\item [\const{+num-femto+}] \(10^{-15}\)
-\item [+num-atto+] \(10^{-18}\)
+\item [\const{+num-atto+}] \(10^{-18}\)
-\item [+num-zepto+] \(10^{-21}\)
+\item [\const{+num-zepto+}] \(10^{-21}\)
-\item [+num-yocto+] \(10^{-24}\)
+\item [\const{+num-yocto+}] \(10^{-24}\)
\end{description}
-\subsection*{38.17 Examples}
+\subsection{Examples}
The following program demonstrates the use of the physical constants
in a calculation. In this case, the goal is to calculate the range
@@ -425,7 +405,7 @@
-\subsection*{38.18 References and Further Reading}
+\subsection{References and Further Reading}
Further information on the values of physical constants is available
from the NIST website,
@@ -433,6 +413,3 @@
\begin{itemize}
\item http://www.physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html
\end{itemize}
-
-
-\end{document}
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